Ma`rifat Akhlaqi

Mulla Sadra’s philosophy possesses the capacity to engage with diverse domains, particularly moral philosophy. His ethical theory, rooted in his philosophical foundations, addresses core issues in ethics. This study employs library research, analytical methods, and inference to highlight key ontological and anthropological foundations of his ethical theory. Ontologically, these include the principality of existence, the equivalence of existence with goodness, knowledge, perfection, and happiness; substantial motion and the soul’s perfection; gradation of existence; the division of existence into dependent and independent; possibility in the sense of need (existential possibility) of relational beings; the universality of divine love; and the predication in high degree and low degree of the same being. Anthropologically, the foundations include existential poverty, self-love, human dignity, divine nature, the pursuit of perfection, longing for divine union and annihilation in God, moral responsibility, conscious choice, the soul’s corporeal origination and spiritual permanence, the primacy and immortality of the soul, and humanity’s reliance on revelation for attaining true perfection. The study elucidates these foundations and their connection to Mulla Sadra’s ethical theory.